Ethnic Groups of Kenya *About 98% of Kenya's population are black Africans African Family-Clan           Pros:              -Care for sick              -No homeless              -Defense              Lobby group           Cons:              -Old system is divisive              -Young people move to cities              -Lack of gov't support Kikuyu-over 2 million members           Finest land              -Traditional~ highlands near Mt.Kenya              -Land belonged to plantation owners           Hard working farmers              -Vegetables              -Cattle              -Coffee (cash crop) *Revere land as "mother"           Wealthiest culture group              -Hard work              -Ability to accept change              -Preserve heritage and embrace change              -Expect children to excel in school           Europeans were impressed              -Forced Kikuyu from land *Kikuyu were at forefront to establish Kenyan independence           Jomo Kenyatta             -Became leader in 1963             -Kikuyu nationalist #1 rival-Luo Luo-almost 2 million members *Frustrated at being 2nd to Kikuyu           Land              -From Lake Victoria-inland              -Mtns. and rocky soil not good for farming           Farmers              -Maize                -Rice              -Millet                 -Sugarcane              -Cotton                -Goats/cattle           Great fishermen              -Lake is sacred              -Legend~sea monster           Sport              -Boat racing              -Long canoes with 12 men (amazing speeds)           City Luo              -Mechanics              -Machinists              -Tradesmen *Dominate trade unions           Tom Mboya              -Leading spokesman for independence              -Master politician              -1969-Assasinated by Kikuyu *Street fighting erupted Maasai-400,000 members           Very brave, freedom loving, independent           Mostly peaceful, but were once very feared fighters           Skilled hunters              -Tall, muscular              -Run down animals and kill w/spears              -Initiation ritual-kill lion to become a man           Nomadic herdsmen              -Drive cattle from grassland to grassland              -Most live in Great Rift Valley              -Very dependent on April rainy season              -Also go to Tanzania and Uganda           Cattle              -Almost sacred              -Cattle thieves              -Wealth= # of cows              -Family affair              -Milk very important           Restorative drink:  Cow's blood and sour milk *Many young Maasai  move to cities South African Ethnic Groups Khoikhoi (Hottentots)           -Lived in Cape Provinces when colonized in 1600s           -Now live mainly in southern Namibia           -Culturally mixed descendants in S.W. South Africa           -Related to San and Bantu (may be a cross b/w the two)           -Resemble the San (avg. little more than 5 ft. tall)   Their name:           -Khoikhoi- "men of men"           -Hottentots- name give them by whites   Culture:           -Affected by Europeans and neighboring countries           -Most absorbed into detribalized and mixed blood population           -Some settled on reservations           -Many worked as laborers           -Former tribal chief is now head of village group   Nomadic life:           -Pastoralism rather than hunting           -Divided into tribes w/ separate chiefs           -Trade by barter in cattle              ~Cattle raised for milk              ~Status and prestige   Clan groups           -W/in tribe           -Cross-cousin marriage           -Lines of descent through father   Religion           -Combination of animism and personification of the natural forces that produce rain           -Soul after death           -Ruler of all things who came out of east              ~Graves oriented to east              ~Memorial stones           -No priestly class           -No temples           -Healers and sorcerers of magic           -Extensive folklore Zulu   -Warlike chief Shaka clashed with the Boers and later with the British   -By 1888, Zululand had been annexed by the British   -1994- KwaZulu/ Natal province was formed   -Economy based on raising millet and cattle   -Lived in beehive-shaped huts           Kraal Apartheid-"Separateness" Divided population into 3 groups:           1.  Whites           2.  Bantu (black)           3.  Coloured (mixed)   -Long history of racial segregation prior to introduction of policy (1948)   -Laws determined where groups could live, what jobs they could take,           and what education they could receive   -Forbid social contact and segregated public facilities   -1960s-Anti-Apartheid riots           ~Black political organizations banned           ~Blacks assigned to impoverished homelands called Bantustans   -1970s-1980s           ~Some black political organizations allowed           ~1984- Parliament open to Asians and Coloured           ~1990- Pres. F.W.deKlerk released Nelson Mandela and legalized                      black political organizations Return to Main Page

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